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发表于 2007-2-28 11:28:17
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蒙古1994年开始实施国家结核病防治计划时，该国结核病诊断率只有8.6%，治愈率也只有31.4%。经过8年的努力，截止到2002年蒙古结核病的诊断率已提高到67.4%，治愈率也提高到了80.9%。尽管如此，蒙古仍然是世界上结核病发病率较高的国家。据统计，最近10年，蒙古平均每万人中就有12.8人患有肺结核。
蒙古于１９９２年发现首例艾滋病病例，在2005年患病人数增至９人。其中２人已经死亡，另有１人进入发病期。2005年４月蒙古共发现了４名艾滋病例。蒙古人口流动性大、青年人居多及性病传染发病率高等特点，都不利于艾滋病的预防。
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By April 2005, nine cases of HIV/AIDS had been reported in Mongolia. In fact, the revelation about the eighth and the ninth HIV cases came at a parliament discussion on the Millennium Development Goals in April 2005. Two more cases of HIV had been revealed a couple of weeks earlier and one was reported at the end of March. The reports, according to media, which came in short succession, had created the fear that the disease was now spreading rapidly.
The first HIV infection in the country was reported in 1992. In annual examinations conducted over 30,550 people in high-risk categories, blood donors and pregnant women between 1997 and 2000, no positive cases were revealed.
The Health Ministry has attributed the detection of the latest cases to “good investigation’. The government estimates that at least 2,500 can die of the disease by 2014 if an effective way of curbing its spread was not found. Although the government maintains that it works in accordance with WHO advisory against coercing any group for testing, it has admitted to covert screening of hospital patients, prisoners, sex workers, traders and homeless people since 2002.
Although the numbers at present are small, Mongolia has a number of factors that can make it vulnerable to the disease. These include rapidly increasing rates of STIs, increasing numbers of sex workers, stimulant use, rising numbers of street children and increased international and internal mobility, combined with poor STI care and low levels of condom use. The HIV epidemic is accelerating rapidly in neighboring countries, Russia, Kazakhstan and China, fuelled primarily by injecting drug use. This has led to predications that injecting drug use, followed by an HIV epidemic is likely to hold in Mongolia as the region's drug traffickers start exploiting trade routes through the country. That 50 per cent of the population is below 23 years of age is also a risk factor.
There has been an increase in the number of cases of STIs in the country and due to economic hardships the commercial sex industry has increased in size not only in the capital city but also in the other smaller cities. Before 1990, annual screening for STIs was mandatory. Sexually Transmitted Infections are known to facilitate the transmission of HIV infection and one method of slowing down the transmission of HIV is through the early effective treatment of persons with STIs.
Sexually transmitted diseases are the leading communicable diseases reported in the country and the prevalence among the general population is high. Between 1991 and 2002, the incidence of syphilis increased from 3.7 to 6.7 per 10,000 population and of gonorrhoea from 9.4 to 19.6 per 10,000 population. The prevalence of STI is as high as 30 per cent among pregnant women. A survey conducted in Ulaanbaatar and six selected ‘aimags’ revealed that teenagers who had sexual relations at an early age and had multiple partners were at high risk of STI. Over 42 per cent said they were not accustomed to using condoms.
The blood transfusion centre in the capital city collects blood from voluntary donors. Donor blood is screened routinely for syphilis, HIV, brucellosis and hepatitis B and C virus. In the ‘aimags’ screening of donor blood is dependent on the availability of laboratory reagents and tests. No HIV infection has been neither found among blood donors nor in any of the large numbers of persons screened routinely or mandatory. In 1992 the prevalence of syphilis among blood donors was 0.19%. In 1998 the rate rose to 2.75%. The prevalence of syphilis among pregnant women increased from 0.1% in 1993 to 0.5% in 1997. Up to 58% of sex workers investigated were found to have STI.
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[ 本帖最后由 henanhujaa 于 2007-2-28 04:30 编辑 ] |
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发表于 2007-2-28 11:04:49
发表于 2007-3-2 21:22:45